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An executable may support one or more function by providing a number of examples for their use, each example may support a number of contexts that determine the ability of that example to work in that particular condition.

Functions

Shell

This executable can spawn an interactive system shell.
Command

This executable can run non-interactive system commands.
Reverse shell

This executable can send back a reverse system shell to a listening attacker.
Bind shell

This executable can bind a system shell to a local port waiting for an attacker to connect.
File write

This executable can write data to local files.
File read

This executable can read data from local files.
Upload

This executable can upload local data.
Download

This executable can download remote data.
Library load

This executable can load shared libraries that may be used to run arbitrary code in the same execution context.
Privilege escalation

This executable provides a mechanism for privilege escalation by indirectly enabling elevated privileges, such as setting the SUID bit or modifying the ownership of another executable.
Inherit

This executable can inherit functions from another.

Contexts

Unprivileged

This function can be performed by any unprivileged user.
Sudo

This function is performed by the privileged user if executed via sudo because the acquired privileges are not dropped.
SUID

This function is performed by the privileged user if the executable has the SUID bit set and the right ownership because the effective privileges are not dropped.
Capabilities

This function is performed bypassing the usual kernel permission checks if the executable has certain capabilities set.